Recurrent urinary infections
When infections keep coming back, another course of antibiotics each time isn't enough. We look for the cause and plan to prevent the next one.
Overview
Urinary infection counts as recurrent with two episodes in six months or three in a year. It is more common in women, but needs closer assessment in men and children.
The cause may be a stone, a bladder that doesn't fully empty, hormonal changes after menopause, or everyday habits that are easy to change.
Common symptoms
- Burning or pain when passing urine
- Frequency and urgency
- Pain or pressure in the lower abdomen
- Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
- Sometimes blood in the urine
How we diagnose it
- Urine culture
- Identifies the bacteria and the right antibiotic, instead of treating by guesswork.
- Ultrasound
- Of the kidneys and bladder, including how much urine is left after voiding.
- Cystoscopy or CT
- In selected cases, to look for a structural cause.
Treatment options
Listed from least invasive. Treatment is chosen after assessment and agreed with you.
Frequently asked questions
Why does the infection return after every course?
The treatment may not have been targeted, or there may be a cause not yet found, such as a stone or urine left in the bladder. That's why we start with a culture and a scan.
Does cranberry juice help?
The evidence is limited. It may help some women, but it doesn't replace an assessment.
Are urinary infections different in men?
Yes. They always need assessment, as they are often linked to the prostate or another cause.
Related conditions
Kidney & ureteric stones
Stone diagnosis, shock-wave or laser treatment, and a plan to stop stones coming back.
Read about this Bladder & continenceIncontinence & overactive bladder
Assessment of leakage, urgency and frequency, with treatment that starts with simple exercises before medicines or procedures.
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